Mud fever and scratches are among the most common skin challenges on horse legs — especially during wet, muddy periods in autumn, winter and spring. In this guide we cover what they are, why they occur, how to spot them early and, most importantly, how to build a daily routine that gives the skin the best possible conditions.
What are mud fever and scratches?
Mud fever is a skin irritation in the pastern area and lower leg, where the skin becomes red, tender and flaky, often forming crusts. Scratches is a more widespread variant that can creep up the cannon bone. Both occur when the natural skin barrier has been weakened — often by prolonged wet, mud and dirt — leaving the skin struggling to withstand everyday strain.
Why does it happen?
The most common culprit is the environment: wet paddocks, muddy winter months and legs that rarely get to dry out. Horses with heavy feathering are extra exposed since moisture stays against the skin longer. Small abrasions, itching insect bites or a period of generally reduced condition can also make the skin more susceptible. Some horses, especially those with white legs and unpigmented skin, are more sensitive than others.
How to spot it early
Run your hand along the pastern every day when picking hooves — you will often feel small bumps or crusts before you see anything. Early signs are increased warmth, swelling, flaking, small sores or the horse reacting when you touch the area. The earlier you notice a change, the easier it is to manage.
The preventive daily routine — the most important part
The key words are dry, clean and airy:
1. Dry the legs after washing or wet paddock days — pat dry with a towel rather than rubbing.
2. Wash only when needed, with a mild shampoo and lukewarm water. Over-washing dries out and weakens the skin barrier.
3. Trim feathering carefully on exposed horses so the skin dries more easily — but leave a protective layer.
4. Give the skin barrier support during muddy season: a caring, moisturising salve that supports the natural protective barrier helps the skin withstand wet and dirt.
5. Muck out and drain — the drier the ground around gates, feeding areas and shelters, the less mud against the legs.
If the skin still gets irritated
Let crusts sit until they release by themselves — picking them off hurts and opens the skin. Keep the area clean and dry, avoid wrapping damp skin, and give the skin rest. Monitor daily.
Contact your veterinarian if you see open or weeping sores, marked swelling, lameness, fever, or if the spread increases despite good care. Mud fever can sometimes require medical treatment, and that is always a matter for your vet.
Caring products for the daily routine
In our skin care range you will find mild, caring products for the daily routine — such as our gentle Propolis Shampoo bar for sensitive skin and salves that support the natural skin barrier in wet conditions. For a healthy environment around hoof and pastern, many horse owners also use pH Minus as part of the everyday routine.
This guide is general knowledge and does not replace your veterinarian’s assessment of your horse.